OCT  2  i  IS  10 

EXTENSION  BULLETIN  NO.  37. 


BULLETIN  OF 
THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  NEBRASKA 

COLLEGE  OF  AGRICULTURE 

EXTENSION  SERVICE. 
SHORT  COURSES 

OR  EXTENSION  SCHOOLS  IN  AGRICULTURE  AND 
HOME  ECONOMICS. 

Ir  <*  ILLIHQIS  L mis 

Bv  C.  W.  PUGSLEY  AND  P.  L.  GaDDIS. 


T 
(A 


Distributed  June  15,  1916. 


JUDGING    LIVE    STOCK    AT    A    SHORT    COURSE    AT    HERSHEY. 

LINCOLN,  NEBRASKA 
U.  S.  A. 


Distributed  in  Furtherance  of  the  Purposes  of  the  Cooperative  Agricul- 
tural Extension  Work  Provided  for  in  the  Act  of  Congress  of  May  8,  1914. 
University  of  Nebraska  Agricultural  Extension  Service  and  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  Cooperating. 

C.  W.  PUGSLEY,  Director  of  Extension  Service. 


University  of  Nebraska  College  of  Agriculture 

HIE  EXTENSION  SERVICE. 


Hon.  William  G. 

Valley. 
Hon.  Philip  L.  Hall,  Lincoln. 
Hon.    Victor   G.   Lyford 


Samuel  Avery,  Ph 
E.  A.  Burnett,  B. 

Station. 
J.  S.  Dales,  M.  Ph. 


BOARD. 

Lversity.) 

Frank  L.  Haller,  Omaha. 
Edward  P.   I'.kown,  Davey. 


THE    GOVERNING 

(The   Regents   of   t lie    Univ 

Whitmore,  Hon. 

Hon. 

Hon.    John  E.  Miller,  Lincoln 
President,  Falls  Cits'. 

THE   UNIVERSITY  OFFICERS. 

,  D.,  LL.  D.,  Chancellor. 

Sc.,  Dean,  College  of  Agriculture;    Director,  Experiment 

,  Financial  Secretary. 
EXTENSION    EXECUTIVE   STAFF. 


C.  W.  Pugsley,  B.  Sc,  Director. 
A.  E.  Anderson,  A.  B.,  County  Agent 

Work. 
Maud  Mathes  Wilson,  B.  Sc,  Home 

Economics. 


EXTENSION 

D.  Wood,  A.  M.,  Agricultural  En- 
gineering. 

L.   Gaddis,  A.   B., 
Short    Courses. 
T.    Skinner,    B. 
Junior  Extension 


F.  Warner,  M.  S 
bandrv. 
G.  McMillan,  B 
H.    Propps,    B. 
bandrv. 


Huldah  Peterson,  Junior  Extension 

Work. 
Frank  C.  Dean,  A.  B.,  Agricultural 

Editor. 
R.  E.  Both  well,  Farmers'  Institutes 
and  Exhibits. 
SPECIALISTS. 

H.  F.  Williams,  B.  Sc,  Farm  Man- 
agement Demonstrations. 
R.  R.  Spafford,  B.  Sc,  Assistant  in 
Farm    Management    Demonstra- 
tions. 
Emma     Reed     Davisson,     Women's 

Clubs. 
Mary  A.  Rokahr,  A.  B.,  Home  Eco- 
Sc,  Pig  Clubs.  uomics. 

Sc,   Dairy   Hus-       Emma  Ort,  B.   Sc,  Home  Econom- 
ics (Junior  Work). 
E.  H.  Hoppert,  B.  Sc,  Horticulture. 
AGRICULTURAL  AGENTS. 


Agronomy  ; 


Sc,    Assistant, 

Work. 

,  Animal  Hus- 


COUNTY 


M.  Seidell,  Boxbutte  County. 

H.    Beckhoff,    B.    Sc,    Dakota 

County. 
O.  Unruh,  B.  Sc,  Dawes  County. 
H.  Liebers,  B.  Sc,  Gage  County. 

E.     Holland,     B.     Sc,     Kimball 

County. 


THE 

E.  Mead  Wilcox,  Ph.  D., 

Agricultural  Botany. 

F.  W.  Upson,  Ph.  D., 

Agricultural  Chemistry. 
L.  W.  Chase,  M.  E.,  A.  E., 

Agricultural  Engineering. 
W.  W.  Burr,  B.  Sc, 

Agronomy. 
E.  A.  Burnett,  B.  Sc, 

Animal  Husbandry. 
J.  H.  Gain,  M.  D.  C, 

Animal  Pathology. 

H.  E.  Bradford,  A. 


A.     G.     George,     B. 

County. 
C.     E.     Gunnels,     B. 

County. 
A.     C.     North,     B. 

Countv. 
R.     H.     Camp,     B. 

County. 
EXTENSION   COUNCIL. 

(Heads  of  Departments.) 

J.  H.  Frandsen,  M.  S.  A., 

Dairy  Husbandry. 
Lawrence  Bruner,  B.  Sc, 

Entomology. 
H.  C.  Fillev,  A.  M., 

Farm  Management. 
Alice  M.  Loomis.  A.  M., 

Home  Economics. 
R.  F.  Howard.  A.  M. 

Horticulture. 
G.  A.  Loveland,  A.  M., 

Meteorology. 
Principal,  School  of  Agriculture. 


Sc, 

Madison 

Sc 

,     Seward 

Sc, 

Sheridan 

Sc, 

Thurston 

B. 


SHORT  COURSES 

Or  Extension  Schools  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 


BY    C.    W.    PUGSLEY    AND    P.    L.    GADDIS. 


THE   DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE   SPECIALIZED  SHORT  COURSE. 

The  special  meeting,  the  farmers'  institute,  the  general  short 
course,  the  specialized  short  course — these  have  been  the  steps  in 
the  development  of  our  agricultural  extension  meetings  in  Nebraska. 

When  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  was  first  organized, 
the  information  obtained  was  sent  out  largely  thru  bulletins.  These 
were  useful  in  giving  much  information,  but  sometimes  did  not 
answer  all  the  questions  arising  in  the  mind  of  the  reader  or  speak 
of  the  local  applications  with  which  he  was  concerned.  To  meet 
the  demand,  men  were  sent  out  by  the  Agricultural  College  to  dis- 
cuss subjects  more  fully  and  to  answer  any  questions  arising.  These 
specially  arranged  meetings  drifted  into  a  regular  yearly  schedule 
and  thus  originated  the  farmers'  institute,  which  is  still  being 
carried  on  in  many  communities. 

In  some  places  the  one-day  institute  was  not  considered  suf- 
ficient. At  such  meetings  subjects  must  of  necessity  be  treated  very 
briefly.  There  was  not  time  for  questions  and  discussions.  As 
some  expressed  it,  they  hardly  got  started  in  one  day.  A  demand 
arose  for  two-  and  three-day  sessions.  More  work  was  then  sched- 
uled for  places  where  the  conditions  warranted. 

It  was  finally  decided  that  the  most  economical  use  of  time  was 
to  put  on  a  four-day  meeting,  which  would  take  up  an  entire  week, 
allowing  one  day  for  the  speakers  to  reach  the  place  and  arrange 
the  work  and  one  day  to  pack  up  and  return.  The  first  one  of  these 
"short  courses,"  as  the  extended  institute  was  called,  was  conducted 
at  Pawnee  City  during  the  winter  of  1907  and  1908. 


4  Short  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 

For  about  six  years,  the  short  courses  were  conducted  along  gen- 
eral lines.  Several  men  were  engaged  to  talk  at  different  times  and 
upon  a  variety  of  subjects.  There  was  a  tendency  for  the  regular 
extension  men  to  handle  so  many  subjects  that  they  could  not  be 
well  prepared  on  all  of  them.  Altho  this  type  of  course  was  well 
received,  the  results  were  not  as  desired.  The  subjects  were  treated 
in  a  manner  too  general  to  admit  of  detail,  which  is  often  of  im-. 
portance.  The  ideas  dropped  were  too  scattered  to  be  of  the  great- 
est use.  The  course  was  so  much  the  same  from  year  to  year  that 
it  was  inclined  to  grow  tiresome  after  two  or  three  years. 

A  decision  was  reached  about  two  years  ago  to  treat  fewer  sub- 
jects but  to  handle  them  in  a  more  exhaustive  manner.  In  the  men's 
work,  specialists  were  secured  in  the  various  departments,  and  have 
outlined  courses  in  the  different  subjects  covering  four  days'  work. 
It  has  been  the  aim  of  the  Extension  Service  in  selecting  these  spe- 
cialists to  get  men  having  not  only  an  agricultural  education  but 
actual  farm  experience  as  well.  Really  creditable  work  can  be  done 
when  eight  hours  of  lectures  and  demonstrations  are  given  on  one 
subject  by  a  man  who  gives  his  time  and  attention  almost  entirely 
to  that  subject. 

In  the  women's  work,  there  is  much  the  same  specializing.  One 
instructor  presents  the  topics  included  in  the  clothing  and  shelter 
problems,  while  another  gives  the  work  in  food  and  dietetics. 

The  specialized  week's  school,  as  it  has  been  tried  out  in  the 
State  the  past  two  years,  is  the  most  satisfactory  meeting  or  course 
thus  far  devised. 

THE  PURPOSE  OF  THE  SHORT  COURSE. 

When  a  short  course  is  placed  in  a  community,  it  is  not  with  the 
idea  that  the  people  do  not  know  how  to  farm  nor  to  keep  house. 
It  is  assumed  that  they  know  much  about  their  work ;  that  the  aver- 
age man  is  quite  proficient  in  the  management  of  his  farm,  but  that 
his  experience  cannot  be  extensive  enough  to  cover  every  phase  of 
farming,  stock  raising,  construction  and  arrangement  of  buildings, 
the  u$e  of  machinery,  and  other  related  subjects.  A  conference 
with  neighboring  farmers  and  specialists  in  the  different  lines  should 
be  of  much  value.  The  purposes  of  the  short  course  may  be 
summed  up  as  follows : 


Extension  Bulletin  No.  37,  College  of  Agriculture.  5 

1.  To  give  systematic  courses  on  subjects  of  general  community 
interest.  It  is  the  aim  of  the  instructors  to  make  these  courses  as 
practical  as  possible.  They  are  able  to  do  this  not  only  thru  special 
preparation  and  experience  but  also  thru  constant  association  with 
farmers  in  all  parts  of  the  State. 

2.  To  keep  the  farmer  acquainted  with  the  farm  practices  rec- 
ommended by  agricultural  experiment  stations  and  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture.  Many  results  are  obtained  by  the  sta- 
tions which  are  applicable  to  the  various  parts  of  the  State,  often 
being  supplemented  by  cooperative  work  with  farmers. 

3.  To  let  the  farmer  and  his  wife  know  what  is  being  done  on 
successful  farms  in  other  parts  of  the  State,  and  to  give  the  instruc- 
tors ideas  to  carry  to  other  points.  The  short  courses  serve  as  a 
connecting  link  between  people  in  various  parts  of  the  State,  some 
of  whom  are  successful  in  one  line  of  work  and  others  in  another. 

4.  To  furnish  an  opportunity  for  the  men  and  women  of  the 
community  to  meet  and  discuss  their  common  problems. 

5.  To  get  the  boys  and  the  girls  interested  in  their  future  work. 
Simply  to  know  how  work  should  be  done  is  not  sufficient.  To 
know  why,  adds  interest  and  pleasure  to  the  task,  and  a  little  start 
along  this  line  while  young  gives  the  boys  and  girls  an  idea  of  solv- 
ing their  own  problems.  Many  have  been  led  to  take  up  advanced 
work  in  agriculture  and  home  economics  thru  interest  aroused  at 
the  short  courses. 

6.  To  give  the  farmer  who  cannot  leave  his  work  to  attend  a 
longer  course,  a  chance  to  attend  a  brief  course  close  enough  so  that 
he  will  not  have  to  leave  home  for  more  than  a  day  at  a  time. 

THE   PROGRAM. 

The  short  course  opens  on  Monday  evening  and  continues  four 
days.  The  men's  sessions  are  held  from  9  to  12  a.  m.  and  from 
1  to  4  p.  m.  each  day,  and  the  women's  sessions  from  9  to  11:30 
a.  m.  and  from  1 :30  to  4  p.  m. 

The  Monday  evening  session  is  a  get-acquainted  meeting.  The 
different  instructors  briefly  outline  the  work  of  the  week.  An  ad- 
dress is  usually  given  and  music  by  home  talent  completes  the  pro- 


6  Short  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 

gram,  Evening  meetings  later  in  the  week  are  held  when  desired, 
but  should  not  be  so  numerous  as  to  draw  attendance  away  from 
the  day  sessions  where  the  most  important  work  is  done.  The  in- 
structors are  prepared  to  give  evening  talks  but  special  speakers  are 
sometimes  secured. 

COURSES    OFFERED    IN    THE    MEN'S    SECTION. 


Department 

Course    I 

Course   II 

Course    III 

Course   1 V 

Course    V 

Agricultural 

Engineering 

Farm 

Equipment 

Motors   and 
Automobiles 

Farm 

machinery 

Drainage    and 
road    building 

Agronomy 

Soils 

Grains 

Forage    crops 

Animal 

Husbandry 

Horses 

Beef   cattle 

Hogs 

Sheep 

Butchering    and 
curing  of  meats 

Dairying 

Milk 

Production 

Milk    and 
milk   products 

Entomology 

Iasects    in    re- 
lation  to    agri- 
culture      a  n  d 
health 

Mammals     and 
birds    in    rela- 
tion to  agricul- 
ture 

Farm 

Management 

Farm    manage- 
ment    problems 

Marketing 

Horticulture 

Farm      orchard 
and     garden 

Pomology 

Small    fruit 

Vegetables 

Plant 

Diseases 

Diseases    of 
field    crops 

Diseases  of  or- 
chard and  gar- 
den   crops 

Poultry 

Farm    poultry 

Rope   Work1 

Knots    and 

hitches 

Splices   and 

halters 

Electrical 

Wiring2 

Simple    elec- 
trical   wiring 

"  Rm-e  work  is  given  from  9  to  10  a.  m.  each  day  when  called  for  and  does  not  take  the 
place   of    a   regular    course. 

2  Electrical  wiring,  if  desired,  is  siven  instead  of  rope  work  at  any  punt  wliera  a  course 
in    agricultural    engineering    is    scheduled.      It    does    not    take    the    place    of    a    regular    course. 


Morning. 
Farm  Equipment 
Tues.  Arrangement  of  Farm  Build- 
ings 
Wed.   The  Use  of  Concrete  on  the 

Farm 
Thur.  Houses  and  Barns 
Fri.      Water  and  Lighting  Systems 


THE    COURSES   OUTLINED. 
AGRICULTURAL  ENGINEERING. 

Afternoon. 


Materials  Used  in  Construction  of 
Buildings 

Mixing  and  Using  Concrete  (Dem- 
onstration) 

Silos  and  Silage  Equinment 

Hay  Sheds  and  Hog  Houses 


Extension  Bulletin  No.  37,  College  of  Agriculture. 


Morning. 
Motors  and  Automobiles 

Tues.  Engine  Fuels  and  How  Used 

Wed.   Lubricating,     Ignition,     and 

Cooling   Systems 
Thur.  Tractors — Types  and  Cost 
Fri.      Automobiles — Care  and  Cost 


Afternoon. 


Trouble  in  Starting  and  Developing 

Power 
Cylinder,  Valve,  and  Other  Troubles 

Valve  Grinding,  Babbitting,  etc. 
Tire    Repairing,    Carburetor    Adjust- 
ment, etc. 


Farm  Machinery 

Tues.  Draft  of  Wagons  and  Plows 
Wed.   Corn  Planters  or  Mowers 
Thur.  Tillage     Machinery      (Illus- 
trated) 
Fri.       Hay-handling   Equipment 


Eveners,  Pulleys,  Block  and  Tackle 
Timing  the  Binder  Knotter 
Plow-setting  Demonstration 


Labor-saving     Devices 
with  Models) 


(Illustrated 


is.  1. 


Farm  tractor  demonstration. 


Drainage  and  Road  Building 

Tues.  Needs   and   Benefits   of   Tile 

Drainage 
Wed.   The     Business     Aspects     of 

Tile  Drainage 
Thur.  Factors  Making  Good  Roads 

Essential 
Fri.      Design  and  Construction  of 

Roads 


Planning    and    Construction    of    Tile 

Drainage  Systems 
Open   Ditch   Drainage  and  Drainage 

Districts 
Essentials,    Advantages,    Costs,    and 

Locations  of  Roads 
County  Road  Organizations 


8  Short  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 


Mo 


AGRONOMY. 


Soils 
Tues. 
Wed. 

Thtir. 
Fri. 
Grains 
Tues. 

Wed. 

Thur. 

Fri. 


ruing. 


Afternoon. 


What  Our  Soil  Is 

Objects     and     Methods     of 

Plowing 
Farm  Manures 
Rotation  of  Crops 

Grain     Production     in     Ne- 
braska 

Wheat    (continued)  — 
Judging 

Adaptation    and   Judging   of 
Corn 

Corn  Growing 


Forage  Crops 
Tues.  Forage  Crops  on  the  Nebras 

ka  Farm 
Wed.  Alfalfa — Seeding 
Thur.  The  Clovers 
Fri.      Weedy    and    Depleted    Pas 
tures 

ANIMAL  HUSBANDRY 


How  the  Plant  Makes  Use  of  the  Soil 
Cultivation 

Manures  and  Fertilizers 
Practical  Soil  Problems 

Wheat  Growing 

Oats — Smut    Treatment    Demonstra- 
tion 
Selection  of  Seed  Corn 

Corn    Growing    (Eastern   Nebr.)    or 
Sorghums   (Western  Nebr.) 


Annual  Crops  for 

Silage 
Alfalfa — Haying 
Perennial  Grasses 
Hog  Pastures 


Hay,  Fodder,  and 


Horses 
Tues. 
Wed. 


What  Is  a  Horse  Worth? 
The  Feet  and  the  Teeth 
Thur.  Growing    and    Training    the 

Colt 
Fri.      Feeding  the  Work  Horse 
Beef  Cattle 
Tues.  Beef     Cattle     and     General 
Farming 
Beef-cutting    Demonstration 
Care  of  the  Breeding  Cow 
Feeding  the  Calf 


Wed. 

Thur 

Fri. 
Hogs 

Tues. 

Wed. 

Thur 

Fri. 
Sheep 

Tues. 

Wed. 


Selection  of  the  Brood  Sow 
Pork  Cutting  and  Curing 
The  Sow  and  Her  Litter 
Fattening  Shoats 


Sheep  on  the  Small  Farm 
Shearing  Demonstration 
Thur.  The  Breeding  Ewe 
Fri.      Feeding  for  Mutton 
Butchering  and  Curing  Meat 
Tues.  Butchering  Tools.     Care  of 
Stock  Before  Slaughtering 
Wed.   Pork  Cutting 
Thur.  Pork  Cuftng 
Fri.      Sausage   Making  and  Stuff- 
ing 
Aote:  Lamb  slaughtering  mav  be 


Unsoundness 

Care  of  Brood  Mare  and  Stallion 

Judging  Contest 

Common  Diseases  of  the  Horse 

Judging  Beef  Cattle 

Buying  at  the   Stockyards 
Judging  Contest 
Feeding  for  Beef 

Farm  Butchering 
Feeding  the  Dry  Sow 
Judging  Contest 
Hog  Cholera 

Judging  Sheep 

Lamb-slaughtering  Demonstration 
The  Ewe  and  Her  Lamb 
Internal  Parasites 

Hog  Slaughtering 

Beef  Slaughtering 

Beef  Cutting 

Summer  Handling  of  Meats 

included,  if  desired. 


Extension  Bulletin  No.  37,  College  of  Agriculture. 


DAIRY  HUSBANDRY. 


Morning. 


Afternoon. 


Milk  Production 
Tues.  Dairying  as  a  Business 
Wed.   Relation  of  Type  to  Produc- 
tion (Demonstration) 
Thur.  Keeping  Daily  Records 
Fri.      Care  and  Management 

Milk  and  Milk  Products 
Tues.  Milk  as  a  Food 
Wed.   Care  of  Milk  and  Cream  on 

the  Farm 
Thur.  Herd      Improvement      Thru 
Testing 
Separators  (Demonstration) 


Fri. 


The  Dairy  Type 

Building  Up  a  Herd ;    the  Herd  Bull 

Feeding 

Judging  Demonstration  and  Contest 

Sanitary  Milk  Production 
Testing    Milk    and    Cream    (Demon- 
stration) 
Marketing 

Dairy  Buildings 


ENTOMOLOGY. 


Insects  in  Relation  to  Agriculture  and  Health 


Tues. 


Facts 
the 


about 
Harm 


Wed. 


Fri. 


The  Corn-ear  Worm  and  Other  Im- 
portant Corn  Pests 

How  to  Fight  Grasshoppers 


How  to  Destroy  the  Insect  Parasites 

of  Domestic  Animals 
The    Relation    of    Birds    to    Insect 

Control 


Rats, 
Their 


Some    General 

Insects      and 

Thev  Do 
The    Hessian    Fly    (Eastern 

Nebr.)   or  Webworms  and 

Other   Sugar  Beet  Insects 

(Western   Nebr.) 
Thur.  The    Control    of    Cutworms 

and  Armyworms 
Insects    in    Relation    to    the 

Spread  of  Disease 

Mammals  and  Birds  in  Relation  to  Agriculture 

Tues.  Pocket    Gophers    and    Their       Ground     Squirrels 

Control 
Wed.   The   Prairie   Dog    (Western 
Nebr.)     or    the     Common 
Mole     and    Its     Economic 
Status   (Eastern  Nebr.) 
Thur.  The     Economic     Value     of 

Birds 
Fri.      Hawks  and  Owls  as  Related 
to  the  Farmer 

Note  :    Lectures  on  insects  of  temporary  or  local  importance  will  be  sub- 
stituted for  any  of  the  above  lectures,  if  desired. 

FARM  MANAGEMENT. 
Farm  Management  Problems 

Tues.  Labor 

T  and  Rental 

Farm  Records  and  Accounts 
Diversified    and    Specialized 
Farming 


Wed. 
Thur. 
Fri. 


Kangaroo 
Moles,  and  Field  Mice, 
Tninries  and  Control 

Rabh:t  Trtinrv  and  Its  Prevention,  or 
Wild  Flesh-eating  Animals,  Their 
Value  and  Injuries 

What  Som-  of  Our  Common  Ne- 
braska Birds  Eat 

How  to  Attract  Birds  About  the 
Home 


The  Farm  Layout   (Illustrated) 
Size  of  Farms 

Figuring  Cost  of  Production 
Factors  Which  Influence  Labor  In- 
come 


10 


Short  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 


Morning. 
Marketing 

Tues.  Wastes  in  Distribution 
Wed.   Grain  Warehouses 
Thur.  Parcel  Post 

Fri.      Limitations    of    Competition 
in  Controlling-  Prices. 


Afternoon. 

Cooperation 

Marketing  Grain 

Marketing  Live  Stock  and  Live  Stock 

Products 
Farm  Profits  and  Production 


HORTICULTURE. 


The  Farm  Orchard  and  Garden 
Tues.  Starting  the  Farm  Orchard 
Wed.   Spraying 
Thur.  Pruning  Demonstration 
Fri.      The  Vegetable  Garden 

Pomology 
Tues.  Setting  Out  an  Orchard 
Wed.   Care  of  the  Bearing  Orchard 

— Pruning  and  Cultivation 
Thur.  Harvesting    and     Marketing 

the  Crop 
Fri.      Pruning     Demonstration     in 

the    Orchard — Young    and 

Old  Trees 

Small  Fruits 
Tues.  Starting  the  Strawberry  Bed 

— Varieties,  Setting  Plants, 

etc. 
Wed.    Blackberry  Growing 
Thur.  Growing  Currants   and 

Gooseberries 
Fri.      Care  of  the  Bearing  Vines 


Care  of  the  Bearing  Orchard 
Small  Fruit  Culture 
Hints  for  Beautifying  the  Home 
Potato  Culture 

Care  of  the  Young  Orchard 

Care   of  the   Bearing  Orchard— The 

Spray  Schedule 
Renovation  of  Neglected  Orchards 

Pruning  the   Neglected   Orchard 
(Demonstration) 


Treatment    of    the    Bearing    Straw- 
berry Bed 

Black  Raspberry  Growing 
Starting  the  Vineyard 

Grape    Pruning   Demonstration — Old 
and  Young  Vines 


Vegetables 

Tues.  Planning  the  Home  Veg- 
etable Garden 

Wed.  Preparing  the  Vegetable 
Garden 

Thur.  Cabbage,  Cauliflower,  Let- 
tuce,  and  Radishes 

Fri.      Potato  Growing 

PLANT   DISEASES. 

Diseases  of  Field  Crops 
Tues.  The  Healthy  Plant 
wed.   The  Diseased  Plant 
Thur.  Oat  Smut 
Fri.      Corn  and  Sorghum  Smuts 


The     Use     of 

Frames 
Tomato  Growing 


Hotbeds     and     Cold 


-Beets,     Carrots,     and 


Root     Crops- 
Mangels 
Potato  Growing  (continued) 


The  Healthy  Plant   (continued) 

Cereal  Rusts 

Loose  and  Stinking  Smut  of  Wheat 

Weeds 


Diseases  of  Orchard  and  Garden  Crops 
Tues.  Apple  Diseases  Apple  Diseases   (continued) 

Wed.   Peach,    Cherry,    Plum,    and       Grape  and  Berry  Diseases 

Pear  Diseases 
Thur.  Potato  Diseases  Potato  Diseases   (Demonstrations) 

Fri.      Vegetable  Diseases  Vegetable  Diseases  (continued) 


Extension  Bulletin  No.  37,  College  of  Agriculture.  11 

POULTRY. 
Morning.  Afternoon. 

Farm  Poultry 

Tues.  Farm  Poultry  on  a  Business  Breeds  and   Breeding   for  Increased 

Basis  Production 

Wed.  Housing  Winter  Egg  Production 

Thur.  Judging  Demonstration  The  Poultry  Industry  (Illustrated) 

Fri.      Saving  the  Chicks  Common  Diseases 

ROPE  WORK. 
Knots  and  Hitches — First  Year 
Tues.  Rope  Materials  and  Handling 
Wed.  Whipping  the  End.    End  Knots 
Thur.  Tying  Two  Ropes  Together 
Fri.      Various  Kinds  of  Hitches 

Splices  and  Halters — Second  Year 
Tues.  The  End  Splice.    The  Short  Splice 
Wed.  The  Long  Splice 
Thur.  Temporary  and  Adjustable  Halters 
Fri.      Nonadjustable  Permanent  Halters 

ELECTRICAL  WIRING  FOR  BOYS. 

Tues.  Batteries,  Electrical  Currents,  and  Combusting  Electricity 
Wed.   Magnetism,  Telegraph,  and  Telephone 
Thur.  Induction  Coils  and  Wireless  Telegraphy 
Fri.      The  Motor  and  the  Electric  Light 

HOW   TO    CHOOSE    MEN'S  COURSES. 

Rope  work  or  electrical  wiring  is  given  from  9  to  10  o'clock  each 
day,  if  desired.  The  regular  courses  begin  at  10  o'clock.  Each 
course  requires  40  minutes  in  the  forenoon  and  one  hour  in  the 
afternoon.  Aside  from  rope  work  and  electrical  wiring,  three 
courses  should  be  selected.  The  committee  in  charge  should 
choose  courses  that  will  be  most  interesting  to  the  community  as  a 
whole.  Two  of  these  courses  must  be  chosen  from  one  depart- 
ment, since  only  two  men  are  available  for  each  point. 

As  an  illustration,  if  Courses  I  and  II  under  Farm  Management 
and  Course  II  under  Agricultural  Engineering  are  selected,  the 
daily  program  will  be  as  follows  : 

Rope  Work  or  Electrical 

Wiring 9 :00  to  10 :00  a.  m. 

Farm  Management  Prob- 
lems     10 :00  to  10 :40  a.  m.  and   1  to  2  p.  m. 

Motors  and  Automobiles ..  10 :40  to  11:20  a.  m.  and  2  to  3  p.  m. 

Marketing  1 1 :20  to  12  :00  a.  m.  and  3  to  4  p.  m. 


12         Short  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 

The  number  of  courses  now  offered  allows  eight  years'  work  with- 
out repetition.  As  a  rule,  no  point  is  permitted  to  choose  the  same 
course  two  years  in  succession.  The  same  instructor  may  be  had  by 
choosing  another  course  given  by  him. 

WOMEN'S  SECTION. 

The  nature  of  the  work  given  in  the  Home  Economics  section 
does  not  permit  of  such  a  wide  choice  of  courses  as  is  given  in  the 
men's  work.  The  various  phases  of  Home  Economics  are  included 
in  each  year's  work.  The  programs,  however,  are  planned  in  such  a 
way  that  there  is  no  repetition  of  subject  matter  but  rather  a  defi- 
nite sequence  from  year  to  year.  The  work  is  varied  to  suit  condi- 
tions and  the  wishes  of  those  attending.  The  following  courses 
are  offered : 


COURSES    IN    HOME    ECONOMICS    OUTLINED. 
FOOD  AND  DIETETICS. 


Lectures. 
First  Year 
Classes  and  Functions  of  Foods 
Inexpensive  Fuel  for  the  Body 
Foods  that  Build  the  Body 
Value  of  Bread  as  Food 
Preservation  of  Foods 


Second  Year 
Body  Requirements  for  Food 
Cereal  Foods 
The  Emergency  Shelf 
Food  for  Children 
Serving  to  Large  Numbers 


Third  Year 
What  We  Must  Eat  and  Why 
The  Cost  of  Food 
Food  and  the  Weather 
Food  for  the  Sick 
Serving  a  Company  Dinner 


Demonstrations. 

Vegetables 

Starchy  Foods 

Milk  a 

Meats 

Breads 

Canning — Cold  Pack  Method 

Table  Service 

Jellies,  Relishes,  etc. 

Variety  in  Use  of   Foods   Produced 

on  the  Farm 
Breads — Coarse  Flours 
Emergency  Dinner 
Meat  Substitutes 
Children's  Dietaries 

Fruits 

Salads  and  Relishes 

Cookies  and  Sweet  Breads 

Old  Foods  in  New  Ways 

Seasonable   Dishes 

A  Company  Dinner 

Invalid  Cookery 


TEXTILES   AND   CLOTHING. 

Lectures  and  Demonstrations. 
First  Year 

The  Clothing  Problem — Conditions  in  Clothing  Industries 
Use  of  Dress  Form — Selection  and  Use  of  Patterns 
Textiles  and  Tests  in  Buying 


Extension  Bulletin  No.  37,  College  of  Agriculture. 


13 


Secqnd  (or  Third)  Year 

Choice  of  Materials 

Garment  Making 

Clothing  Accessories 

The  Hygiene  of  Clothing 
Third  (or  Second)  Year 

Economy  in  Buying  Clothing 

Selection  of  Hats 

Repairs  and  Upkeep  of  Clothing 

Children's  Clothing 


Fig#  2. — Food  demonstration. 


THE   HOME. 

Lectures  and  Demonstrations. 

First  Year 
The  Home  and  the  Home  Maker 
Building  of  the  Home 
Furnishing  the  Home 
The  Relation  of  the  Home  Maker  to  the  Community 

Second  (or  Third)  Year 
The  Home  as  a  Business  Institution 
The  Planning  of  Housework 
Shopping  for  the  House 
The  Child  and  the  Home 

Third  (or  Second)  Year 

The  Care  of  the  House— Dirt  and  Its  Composition 
Economy  in  Cleaning 

What  the  Home  Maker  Should  Know  About  Diseases 
Home  Nursing 

While  only  three  years'  work  is  outlined  in  this  bulletin,  older 
points  are  furnished  with  specially  prepared  programs  fitted  to  their 


14        Short  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 

needs.    The  following  program  is  made  up  from  the  above  courses 
for  the  first  year  and  shows  how  the  daily  schedule  runs. 

FIRST-YEAR    PROGRAM. 

Morning.  Afternoon. 

Tuesday 

The  Home  and  the  Home  Maker  The    Clothing    Problem — Conditions 
Foods — Their    Classes    and    Func-  in  the  Clothing  Industries 

tions  Inexpensive  Fuel  for  the  Body 

Preparing  Vegetables  (Demonstra-  Variety  in  the  Use  of  Starchy  Foods 
tion)  (Demonstration) 

Wednesday 

Building  the  Home  Textiles  and  Tests  in  Buying 

Bread,  the  Staff  of  Life  Milk   and   Eggs   as    Valuable   Foods 
Breads  and  Bread  Making   (Dem-  (Demonstration) 

onstration) 
Thursday 

Furnishing  the  Home  Use  of  the   Dress   Form.     Selection 
The    Cutting    and    the    Buying    of  and  Use  of  Patterns 

Meat  (Demonstration)  Foods  that  Build  the  Body 

The  Cookery  of  Meats  (Demonstra- 
tion) 
Friday 

Home  Economics  Literature  Everyday  Table  Service 

The     Care    and     Preservation     of  The  Relation  of  the  Home  Maker  to 

Foods  the  Community 

The  Cold  Pack  Method  in  Canning  Reception 
(Demonstration) 

REQUIREMENTS    FOR    SECURING    A    SHORT    COURSE. 

COMMUNITY  SPIRIT. 

It  is  not  advisable  to  put  a  short  course  in  a  community  where 
conditions  are  not  favorable  to  its  success.  It  costs  just  as  much  in 
time  and  money  to  conduct  a  course  with  twenty  in  attendance  as  it 
does  if  a  hundred  are  present.  The  instructors  feel  that  their  time 
might  have  been  better  spent  elsewhere  and  the  local  people  feel  that 
the  cost  per  person  attending  is  too  much.  Conditions  favorable  to 
a  short  course  are  indicated  by  the  following: 

1.  A  live  interest  in  practical  and  profitable  farming  by  the 
farmers  in  the  community. 

2.  A  spirit  of  cooperation  on  the  part  of  the  entire  community. 

3.  Sufficient  interest  in  the  short  course  to  be  willing  to  meet 
local  expenses  and  pledge  attendance. 

4.  A  willingness  on  the  part  of  each  one  to  put  the  short 
course  first  for  one  week  and  do  his  part  to  make  it  go.  Enter- 
tainments that  conflict  with  the  short  course  should  be  laid  aside 


Extension  Bulletin  No.  37,  College  of  Agriculture.  15 

for  a  week.  Where  farm  sales  are  dated  during  short  course  week, 
the  crowd  is  divided  and  neither  sale  nor  short  course  is  the  suc- 
cess it  should  be.  In  some  places  the  auctioneers  have  been  noti- 
fied in  advance  when  the  short  course  was  to  be  held  and  have 
cooperated  by  refusing  to  schedule  sales  in  the  patronizing  terri- 
tory during  short  course  week;  other  attractions  may  be  handled 
likewise. 

School  boards  are  often  willing  to  allow  the  pupils  from  the  high 
school,  especially  those  taking  work  in  agriculture  and  home  eco- 
nomics, to  attend  the  sessions  thruout  the  week.  It  is  usually 
good  practice  for  them  to  be  accompanied  by  one  of  the  teachers 
and  to  be  required  to  take  notes.  If  pupils  are  allowed  to  at- 
tend only  one  or  two  days,  the  short  course  instructors  should 
be  consulted  as  to  the  best  time  for  them  to  come.  The  more  ma- 
ture pupils  from  rural  districts  can  usually  profit  much  from 
the  work,  and  should  be  encouraged  to  attend. 

BUILDINGS  AND   FUNDS. 

The  community  considering  a  short  course  should  know  in 
advance  the  requirements  in  the  way  of  buildings  and  funds.  Suit- 
able rooms  for  demonstration  work,  as  described  elsewhere  in 
this  bulletin,  should  be  available. 

The  short  courses  are  not  carried  on  to  make  money,  either 
for  the  State  or  for  the  community.  The  Extension  Service  pays 
salaries,  railroad  fare,  and  cost  of  permanent  equipment  of  the 
instructors.  The  local  people  are  expected  to  pay  only  local 
expenses,  such  as  hall  rent,  entertainment  for  speakers,  groceries, 
other  supplies,  and  kitchen  help  for  the  women's  section,  advertis- 
ing, printing,  and  incidentals.  There  should  be  ample  funds  in 
sight  for  the  payment  of  the  expenses. 

It  is  not  expected  that  any  organization  or  society  shall  plan 
a  short  course  for  profit.  It  belongs  to  the  community  and  at  the 
close  of  the  course,  the  committee  in  charge  must  furnish  the 
Extension  office  with  a  complete  statement  of  receipts  and  expen- 
ditures connected  with  the  course,  together  with  a  report  of  daily 
attendance.  The  financial  report  should  always  be  published  in  the 
local  papers. 


16        Short  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 

The  exact  cost  of  a  short  course  cannot  be  given,  as  it  varies 
greatly  with  conditions.    To  give  some  idea,  however,  the  report  of 
the  Springfield  short  course,  1915,  is  given  below: 
financial  statement. 
Receipts. 

Balance  on  hand  from  last  year's  meetings $  94.40 

Sale  of  tickets  and   single  admissions 134.85 

Sale  of  domestic  science  exhibits  and  supplies.  ..." 4.60 

1±,JllfcJ    '  $233.85 

Expenditures. 

W.  M.  Kieck,  use  of  opera  house   $  15.00 

W.  M.  Kieck,  use  of  city   hall    1-9° 

Ed.  Hoyt,  use  of  garage 2.o0 

Stamps  and  supplies   J-^ 

J.  C.  Miller,  printing  and  advertising 25.50 

T.  J.  Wright,  hotel  bill 16.50 

J.  P.  Schaal,  sawdust  and  hauling 1-50 

Geo.   Cragle,   draying    1-90 

B.  L.  Schobert,  supplies  and  livery  hire 5.50 

G.  A.  Bates,  supplies. 4-42 

Otto    Joern,    supplies 6.82 

W.  M.  Kieck,  supplies 5.94 

Wm.  Mueller  &  Son,  coal 40 

Herman   Schmidt,   supplies • 1-50 

T.  J.  Wright,  milk 45 

Harberg  Lumber  Co.,  lumber. 4.21 

Telephoning    6w 

Mrs.   Frank   McCamley,   cream 60 

Labor    3.25 

Miss   Laura    Stacy,   labor o./o 

Clarence  Nicholson,  janitor  work 1-25 

W.  M.  Kieck,  supplies 3.25 

Total $109.88 

Balance  on  hand  for  next  year's  short  course 123.97 

$233.85 

A  pledge  guaranteeing  the  payment  of  local  expenses,  with 
names  of  at  least  ten  reliable  men,  is  required  before  a  short  course 
is  promised.     Below  is  the  form  used : 


Extension  Bulletin  No.  37,  College  of  Agriculture.  17 

We,  the  undersigned,  jointly  and  severally  agree  to  make 
good  any  deficit  which  may  occur  in  financing  a   Short 

Course  in during  the  winter  of  19 

Name Address -.' ' 

PLEDGES    OF    SUPPORT    AND    ATTENDANCE. 

The  major  part  of  the  expenses  are  met  by  selling  tickets  for 
the  course.  The  usual  price  of  season  tickets  is  one  dollar  for 
men  and  fifty  cents  for  women.  Daily  admission  is  usually  twen- 
ty-five cents  for  men  and  fifteen  cents  for  women.  Ten  to  fif- 
teen cents  is  charged  for  evening  programs  except  Monday.  One 
hundred  men  and  the  same  number  of  women  must  sign  for 
season  tickets  and  pledge  attendance  before  a  short  course  will  be 
promised.     Below  is  the  form  used: 

We,    the    undersigned,    agree    to    take    tickets    for    the 

short  course  at - if  it  is  secured  and  agree 

to  pay  for  same  as  soon  as  the  course  is  promised,  that 
bills  may  be  promptly  met.     We  pledge  ourselves  to  at- 
tend the  short  course. 
Name Address 

ORGANIZATION. 

When  the  foregoing  requirements  for  a  short  course  are  under- 
stood, the  next  step  is  to  organize.  A  good  live  organization  with 
plenty  of  committees  is  most  essential  to  a  successful  short  course. 
A  president  and  secretary  or  any  one  or  two  men  or  women  can- 
not make  a  good  short  course,  but  all  must  pull  together.  It  is 
always  advisable  for  the  men  and  women  to  work  together  in 
arranging  for  and  carrying  on  the  course.  This  is  best  realized 
by  having  a  single  organization  with  separate  committees  in  charge 
of  the  men's  and  women's  work.  Joint  subcommittees  should  be 
appointed  to  look  after  the  different  parts  of  the  work.  It  is 
sometimes  best  to  appoint  only  the  chairmen  of  the  committees 
and  to  let  them  appoint  their  own  assistants,  as  harmony  in  the 
committee  is  thereby  secured.  The  money  should  be  kept  in  a  com- 
mon treasury  from  which  all  expenses  are  paid. 

ARRANGING  FOR  THE  SHORT  COURSE. 

There  should  be  committees  of  from  one  to  three  members  on 
each  of  the  different  lines  of  work  except  finance,  which  should 


18 


Short  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 


have 


a  committee  consisting  of  not  less 


than  five  men  and  five 
women.  The  names  of  the  members  of  the  different  committees 
should  be  forwarded  to  the  Extension  office  as  soon  as  the  organi- 
zation is  effected.  Committees  should  be  appointed  on  the  fol- 
lowing : 

EQUIPMENT. 

The  committee  on  equipment  should  secure  suitable  rooms  in 
which  to  conduct  the  meetings,  and  see  that  such  rooms  are  pro- 
vided with  comfortable  seats  and  other  necessary  equipment. 

The  room  for  the  women's  section  should  be  of  sufficient  size 
to  accommodate  a  maximum  crowd.     It  must  be  well  heated  and 


Fig.  3. — Side  view  of  support  for  raised  seats  in  stock  judging  room.  The 
dotted  lines  at  the  top  represent  banisters  where  the  seats  are  not 
against  a  wall.  This  might  prevent  an  accident.  Drawing  furnished 
thru  courtesy  of  Agricultural  Engineering  Department. 


Extension  Bulletin  No.  37,  College  of  Agriculture. 


19 


Fig.  4. — Back  view  of   support   for  stock  judging  seats.     The   l"x6"s  make 
the  supports  firm  and  safe. 

well  lighted  and  provided  with  the  proper  tables  and  kitchen  fix- 
tures, a  list  of  which  will  be  furnished  by  the  Extension  office  upon 
request.     Running  water  or  a  well  near  by  is  a  great  convenience. 

The  basement  of  a  church  or  a  lodge  kitchen  with  audience  room 
are  often  well  equipped  for  the  work  and  are  quite  satisfactory,  if 
they  do  not  have  to  be  used  for  other  purposes  during  the  week. 

When  stock  judging  is  a  feature  of  the  men's  work,  it  is  some- 
times difficult  to  get  a  suitable  room.  The  aim  should  be  to 
seat  everyone  comfortably  where  they  can  see  the  stock.  This 
requires  good  light,  proper  means  of  heating,  and  good  seats.  In 
the  winter  months,  the  doors  cannot  be  relied  upon  to  furnish 
light,  since  for  comfort  they  must  usually  be  closed.  A  warm 
room  is  absolutely  essential,  as  classes  sometimes  remain  there  for 
two  or  three  hours  at  a  time.     A  garage,  sale  pavilion,  livery  barn, 


20 


Short  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 


or  vacant  store  may  answer  the  purpose  of  a  stock  judging  room 
if  it  possesses  the  above  qualifications.  Where  the  room  is  com- 
fortable, all  the  men's  work  can  usually  be  given  there.  When 
stock  work  is  not  a  part  of  the  program,  any  good  audience  room 
is  satisfactory. 

The  bleacher  style  of  seats,  as  shown  in  Figure  3,  is  very  satisfac- 
tory and  almost  necessary  for  stock  work.  The  lumber  can  be  pur- 
chased and  kept  from  year  to  year.  It  quite  often  comes  in  handy 
on   other   occasions.      Sixteen-foot   planks   are  generally   used   for 


*  ••-' 


■ 


Fii 


-Rope  tying. 


seats.  There  should  be  three  supports  for  each  length  of  plank.  If 
about  ten  persons  are  figured  for  each  plank,  the  number  may  be 
suited  to  the  size  of  the  class  expected. 

The  evening  sessions  are  joint  sessions,  and  if  the  men's  room 
is  not  suitable  for  them,  a  sufficiently  large  room  should  be  pro- 
vided for  the  purpose. 


FINANCE. 


Since  the  work  of  selling  tickets  is  a  part  of  its  duties,  the 
finance  committee  should  ordinarily  be  a  large  one,  the  different 
neighborhoods   being   represented   in   its   membership.      This   com- 


Extension  Bulletin  No.  37,  College  of  Agriculture.  21 

mittee  should  confer  and  advise  with  the  other  committees  that 
the  expenses  may  be  lightened  as  much  as  possible  and  handled  in 
the  easiest  way.  For  instance,  it  is  often  possible  in  county  seat 
towns  to  cut  down  hall  rent  materially  by  using  the  courthouse 
rooms  for  day  sessions.  It  is  sometimes  possible,  also,  to  meet 
the  cost  of  printing  the  programs  by  getting  a  few  advertisements 
to  insert  in  them. 
"  The  main  methods  of  raising  funds  are  : 

(1)  County  appropriations,  which  are  regulated  by  law. 

(2)  Sale  of  tickets. 

(3)  Donations.  These  are  often  available  for  prizes  in  contests 
and  not  infrequently  for  other  purposes. 

STOCK. 

When  judging  work  is  to  be  a  part  of  the  program,  there  should 
be  a  committee  to  confer  with  the  instructor  and  provide  whatever 
animals  are  needed.  About  three  animals  of  the  same  breed  are 
best  for  the  cattle  and  hog  work.  It  is  usually  best  to  get  them  from 
the  stockyards,  if  possible,  rather  than  from  some  breeder,  as  the 
judge  must  have  full  freedom  in  criticizing.  For  horse  judging, 
stallions  are  not  as  good  as  work  animals.  Men  who  furnish  horses 
should  expect  reasonable  criticism. 

EXHIBITS   AND    CONTESTS. 

A  good  exhibit  of  stock  furnishes  enthusiasm  in  a  short  course 
and  has  an  educational  value  when  shown  in  connection  with  a 
course  along  the  same  line.  The  premiums  should  be  small,  to  avoid 
dissatisfaction  with  the  awards  and  to  place  emphasis  on  the  edu- 
cational value  rather  than  on  the  prize.  Exhibits  along  other  lines 
should  not  be  allowed  to  detract  from  the  interest  in  the  lectures  and 
demonstrations.  It  is  best  to  have  a  separate  room  for  the  exhibits 
and  to  have  it  locked  during  the  class  periods.  In  case  of  large  ex- 
hibits along  a  line  not  included  in  the  short  course,  the  local  com- 
mittee must  arrange  for  a  special  judge.  The  Extension  office  will 
cooperate  in  locating  a  suitable  judge. 

At  some  of  the  short  courses,  contests  have  been  carried  on  dur- 
ing the  week.  Slips  of  paper  are  handed  around  at  the  end  of  a 
period,  and  the  instructor  asks  a  few  questions  that  can  be  answered 


22        Short  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 

in  a  word  or  two.  This  enables  him  to  know  if  his  work  has  been 
made  clear.  Stock- judging  and  rope-tying  contests  are  also  con- 
ducted in  connection  with  the  work  in  those  lines.  The  papers  are 
corrected  and  prizes  given  at  the  end  of  the  week.  Prizes  are  also 
sometimes  given  to  those  with  the  best  record  of  attendance. 

The  committee  should  decide  on  premiums  and  prizes  and  issue 
a  list  of  the  same. 

PROGRAM. 

The  program  committee  should  secure  home  talent  to  fill  out  the 
evening  programs.  An  occasional  song  or  reading  is  not  out  of 
place  in  the  day  sessions.  Usually  the  community  that  takes  inter- 
est in  the  program  has  a  live  short  course.  Sometimes  a  teacher  in 
the  high  school  is  a  good  addition  to  this  committee.  One  or  two 
good  evening  programs  are  better  than  more,  since  the  farmers  can- 
not usually  attend  both  day  and  evening  sessions  and  are  too  likely 
to  miss  the  important  day  work. 

ADVERTISING    AND    PRINTING. 

The  short  course  should  be  thoroly  advertised  over  the  territory 
from  which  it  is  expected  to  draw.  Handbills,  posters,  and  news- 
paper advertising  are  all  good.  The  place,  date,  and  interesting 
features  of  the  program  should  be  announced.  Programs  should 
be  printed  and  sent  out  to  the  patronizing  territory.  Banners  an- 
nouncing the  short  course  displayed  in  town  for  a  period  of  several 
weeks  are  of  value.  Pennants  attached  to  the  automobiles  of  the 
community  give  effective  advertising. 

ENTERTAINMENT. 

The  speakers  should  be  met  at  the  train  and  shown  to  their  places 
of  entertainment.  They  usually  prefer  to  stay  at  the  hotel  if  it  is 
reasonably  good,  as  it  is  hard  for  them  always  to  come  regularly  to 
their  meals.  At  the  hotel  they  can  come  and  go  at  any  time  with- 
out inconveniencing  anyone. 

RESULTS   OF  THE   SHORT   COU  RSE— FOLLOW-UP   WORK. 

Short  course  work  should  produce  results  of  value  to  the  com- 
munity. We  are  anxious  that  all  who  desire  to  put  into  practice 
work  suggested  at  the   short  course,   shall  get   in   touch   with   the 


Extension  Bulletin  No.  37,  College  of  Agriculture. 


23 


instructor  and  get  any  further  information  necessary  for  the  under- 
taking. Where  several  cooperators  can  be  secured  in  any  activity 
of  importance  to  the  community,  the  instructor  may  be  able  to  return 
later  and  assist  in  planning  and  carrying  on  the  work.  In  this  way 
the  exact  value  of  the  idea  to  the  community  may  be  found  out. 

SHORT  COURSES   IN    HOME    ECONOMICS. 

Short  courses  in  Home  Economics  only  may  be  arranged  for  by 
writing  to  the  Extension  office.  The  work  given  is  the  same  as  that 
outlined  for  women's  work  in  this  bulletin.  The  same  require- 
ments hold  as  to  demonstration   rooms  and  expenses.     Women's 


Fig.  6. — Junior  short  course  at  Norfolk. 

courses  are  usually  held  after  March  1,  as  the  instructors  are  busy 
with  combined  short  courses  during  the  winter  months. 

JUNIOR  SHORT  COURSES. 

The  junior  short  courses  are  conducted  in  counties  at  points 
centrally  located.  The  pupils  in  attendance  are  representatives 
from  the  school  districts  in  the  county.  Stock  types  and  judging, 
rope  tying  and  splicing,  seed  selection  and  testing,  control  of  plant 
diseases,  milk  testing,  and  farm  accounting  are  among  the  subjects 
handled  in  the  boys'  section.  In  the  girls'  section,  instruction  is 
given  in  food  selection,  preparation,  and  service ;  choice  of  textiles 
and  sewing;  and  care  and  decoration  of  the  home.  Those  interested 
in  securing  a  course  of  this  kind  should  address  the  Extension 
Service. 


3  0112  105878141 


24        Short  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics. 

AVAILABLE  EXTENSION   BULLETINS. 

The  following  bulletins  may  be  had  free  of  cost  by  residents  of  Ne- 
braska upon  application  to  the  Agricultural  Extension  Service,  University 
Farm,  Lincoln. 


1.  Alfalfa  Management.     1911. 

2.  Cost   of    Growing  Crops   in   Ne- 

braska.   1911. 

3.  Testing  Seed  Corn.     1912. 

4.  Cooking    and    Sewing.      1912. 

7.  Smuts  of  Nebraska  Cereals.  1912. 

8.  Care  of  Milk  and  Cream  on  the 

Farm.      1914. 

12.  Nebraska     Boys'     Potato     Clubs. 
(Growing  Potatoes.)     1913. 

14.  The  Climate  of  Nebraska.    1913. 

15.  A    Course    of    Study    for    Home 

Economics  Clubs.     1913. 

17.  Twelve  Lessons    on    Foods    and 

Their  Preparation.     1913. 

18.  Simple    Water    Systems    for    the 

Farm.     1913. 

20.  Saving  the  Corn  Crop.    1913. 

21.  Filling  the  Silo.     1913. 

22.  Sweet  Clover  in  Nebraska.    1914. 

23.  What  is  a  Farm  Demonstrator? 

1914. 


25.  The  Babcock  Test  and  Its  Use  in 

Herd  Improvement.     1914. 

26.  Directory     of     Nebraska     Dairy 

Cattle    Breeders    and    Dealers. 
1915. 

28.  Feeding  Alfalfa  to  Horses.    1914. 

29.  Pruning      Trees,       Vines,      and 

Shrubs.    1915. 

30.  Neglected    Orchards    and    Their 

Care.    1915. 

31.  Cooperation.     1915. 

32.  Lunches    for    the    Rural    School. 

1915. 

33.  Use  of  Hog  Cholera  Serum.  1915. 

34.  Second  Annual  Report  of  County 

Cooperative  Farm  Demonstra- 
tion  Work.     1914.    1915. 

35.  Woodworking     Exercises     for 

Home    and    School.      1915. 

36.  Rural  Clubs   for  Women.    1915. 

37.  Short      Courses      or      Extension 

Schools      in      Agriculture      and 
Home   Economics.     1916. 


(5-ll-'16— 10    M.) 


